PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS (pNENs)

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are relatively rare lesions that have been increasing in incidence over the past few decades largely because of the diagnosis of pancreatic incidentalomas on cross-sectional imaging. Most of these tumors are nonfunctioning presenting with symptoms secondary to mass effect, metastatic disease or as incidental findings. Diagnostic workup aims to assess the stage and the grade of the disease as these parameters represent the main driver for treatment choice. The treatment of pNENs varies from conservative management to extensive surgical resection. Different medical treatments have been recently validated in large randomized clinical trials.